Business Process : Environmentally Friendly

Abstracts

People awareness of keeping the environment around is not only applied in daily life, but also penetrated into the world of business. a growing number of business planning leads to environmentally-friendly practices. Many companies are implementing this strategy for business continuity and for a better environment. Business depends on and affects the environment in many ways. Being environmentally friendly can save money, give good publicity and even attract new customers. There are many ways that can help protect the environment while reducing costs. For example, we could recycle products instead of buying new ones or save power by turning off machines that are not in use. An environmentally friendly business that uses resources efficiently is more sustainable and more likely to minimize the impact of environmental risks.

By Julie Urlaub, Managing Partner of Taiga Company, the concept of environmentally friendly (green) is now no longer a regular movement, but has become the market demands. If we can be intelligent to make use of this trend can be a lucrative business opportunity for corporate leaders.

Strategy "green" what needs to be implemented to reduce costs and add value to the company?

1. Energy consumption in the building or office - Many companies are currently evaluating the amount of the average energy consumption per square meter and implement the best measures to reduce energy consumption through research, implementation of efficiency measures, modification of equipment, etc..

2. Means of transportation employees - A few examples of initiatives for the provision of incentives for workers who want public transport to go to the office and held a program share a ride (car / van pooling).

3. Telecommunication facility employees - Incentives can be given as a telecom switch room rental fees and transportation workers who are not only beneficial to the employee and the company, as well as for the environment.

4. Operational Efficiency - The company began implementing the energy savings in day-to-day operations. Steps that can be done is to evaluate the energy consumption during peak hours and reduce energy consumption at the time the grace period (off-hour usage).

5. Reducing the use of paper - Companies can reduce paper usage by utilizing electronic and telecommunication systems set up printers use the same paper size.

6. The recycling system - common practice recycling by companies that already practicing environmental management system such as the system of waste management.

7. Environmentally friendly packaging - price product packaging systems can be trimmed with a more efficient and environmentally friendly.

8. Reduce environmental pollution - the company is now actively reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the application of technologies that are more efficient and sophisticated.

Companies should take into account the costs and benefits of any sustainable business practices. If necessary, the company can use to analyze the environmental consulting business processes and implement environmentally friendly practices appropriate for the company.

The Benefits

Running an environmentally friendly business helps us reduce impact on the environment and preserves natural resources. Business can help the environment in many ways. For example, it can:

-Use products that reduce reliance on natural resources (e.g. rainwater tanks, solar hot water systems)

-Use products that are made from recycled material (e.g. office supplies made from recycled plastic, furniture made from recycled rubber)

-Look at all business activities to see if you can do anything differently (e.g. reducing air travel by holding conference calls instead of interstate meetings).

Making business environmentally friendly not only benefits the environment but can also save money.

Recycling reduces costs

Avoiding, reducing, reusing and recycling can lower costs. For example, a few simple changes to how you deal with paper can involve your staff in environmentally friendly processes while saving you money:

·         - avoid using materials unnecessarily

·         - reduce your paper needs by asking staff to print double-sided

·         - reuse by encouraging staff to use scrap paper for message-taking instead of purchasing message pads

·      - recycle by shredding excess paper - you could recycle this commercially or invite staff to take it home for their compost or mulch heaps.

Improves sustainability

Reducing the environmental impact of business will improve the sustainability of business. If we are less dependent on natural resources than competitors and have ways to deal with rising costs due to climate change, business will have a greater chance of long-term success.

source:

Journal: Environmental Education and Small Business Environmental Activity
http://e-resources.pnri.go.id:2058/docview/1144527433/13A942BDCDE60E91FC/1?accountid=25704

http://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/running/environment/environment-your-business

http://www.heartline.co.id/eco-family/article59.php

Akad in Islamic economics and its implementation

Akad is a legal event between the two parties and contains granted consent, the legal according to Islamic rules and legal consequences. If we associate with a design contract then we will try to relate it to the financial institutions because the contract is the basis of an instrument in the institution, especially in the financial institutions Sharia Akad be the most important thing this is related to whether or not something should be done within Islam. In each transaction Islamic, will play a very important role. Akad's like a very thin walls and with separate between legitimate and not. In language, the contract or agreement that is used for many meanings, all of which go back to the form of a bond or linking of the two things. While the contract is bound by the terms desires with the wishes of others in a way that elicits a specific commitment that is prescribed.

Akad atau kontrak berasal dari bahasa Arab yang berarti ikatan atau simpulan baik ikatan yang nampak (hissyy) maupun tidak nampak (ma’nawy). Kamus al-Mawrid, menterjemahkan al-‘Aqd sebagai contract and agreement atau kontrak dan perjanjian. Sedangkan akad atau kontrak menurut istilah adalah suatu kesepakatan atau komitmen bersama baik lisan, isyarat, maupun tulisan antara dua pihak atau lebih yang memiliki implikasi hukum yang mengikat untuk melaksanakannya. Subhi Mahmasaniy mengartikan kontrak sebagai ikatan atau hubungan di antara ijab dan qabul yang memiliki akibat hukum terhadap hal-hal yang dikontrakkan. Terdapat juga pakar yang mendefinisikan sebagai satu perbuatan yang sengaja dibuat oleh dua orang berdasarkan kesepakatan atau kerelaan bersama. Dalam hukum Islam istilah kontrak tidak dibedakan dengan perjanjian, keduanya identik dan disebut akad. Sehingga dalam hal ini akad didefinisikan sebagai pertemuan ijab yang dinyatakan oleh salah satu pihak dengan kabul dari pihak lain secara sah menurut syarak yang tampak akibat hukumnya pada obyeknya. Dari beberapa pengertian di atas dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa kontrak merupakan kesepakatan bersama baik lisan, isyarat, maupun tulisan antara dua pihak atau lebih melalui ijab dan qabul yang memiliki ikatan hukum bagi semua pihak yang terlibat untuk melaksanakan apa yang menjadi kesepakatan tersebut.

Berbagai macam bentuk akad muamalah terdapat dalam Ekonomi Syariah guna membangun sebuah usaha, yakni antara lain sebagaimana yang dipaparkan secara singkat berikut ini.

AL MUSYARAKAH (Kerjasama Modal Usaha)
Al Musyarakah adalah akad kerjasama antara dua pihak atau lebih untuk suatu usaha tertentu dan masing-masing pihak memberikan kontribusi dana dengan keuntungan dan resiko akan ditanggung bersama sesuai  dengan kesepakatan. 

Al Musyarakah dalam aplikasi lembaga keuangan Syariah dapat berbentuk:

1.      Pembiayaan Proyek, yaitu pelaku usaha dan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (selaku pemodal) sama-sama menyediakan dana untuk membiayai proyek tersebut. Setelah proyek selesai, nasabah mengembalikan dana yang digunakan beserta bagi hasil yang telah disepakati di awal perjanjian (ijab-kabul).

2.      Modal Ventura, yakni penanaman modal dilakukan oleh lembaga keuangan Syariah untuk jangka waktu tertentu, dan setelah itu lembaga keuangan tersebut melakukan divestasi atau menjual bagian sahamnya kepada pemegang saham perusahaan.

AL MUDHARABAH (Kerjasama Mitra Usaha dan Investasi)

Al Mudharabah adalah akad kerjasama usaha antara dua pihak dengan ketentuan pihak pertama (shahibul maal) menyediakan seluruh modal, sedangkan pihak lainnya menjadi pengelola, dan keuntungan usaha dibagi menurut kesepakatan yang dituangkan dalam kontrak.

Aplikasi Al Mudharabah dalam pembiayaan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah adalah berbentuk:

1.      Pembiayaan Modal Kerja, seperti modal kerja perdagangan dan jasa;

2.      Investasi Khusus, disebut juga “mudharabah muqayyadah”, adalah pembiayaan dengan sumber dana khusus, di luar dana nasabah penyimpan biasa, yang digunakan untuk proyek-proyek yang telah ditetapkan oleh nasabah investor (shahibul maal).

AL MURABAHAH (Jual Beli dengan Pembayaran Tangguh)
Al Murabahah adalah jual-beli barang pada harga asal dengan tambahan keuntungan yang disepakati dengan ketentuan penjual harus memberitahu harga produk yang ia beli dan menentukan suatu tingkat keuntungan (margin) sebagai tambahannya.

Dalam transaksi Al Murabahah harus dipenuhi syarat-syarat sebagai berikut:

1.      Penjual memberitahu biaya modal kepada nasabah;

2.      Kontrak pertama harus sah sesuai dengan rukun yang telah ditetapkan;

3.      Kontrak harus bebas dari riba;

4.      Penjual harus menjelaskan kepada pembeli jika terjadi cacat atas barang setelah pembelian;

5.      Penjual harus menyampaikan semua hal yang berkaitan dengan pembelian.

Aplikasi Al Murabahah pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah adalah untuk pembiayaan pembelian barang-barang investasi. Al Murabahah adalah kontrak untuk sekali akad (one short deal), sehingga kurang tepat jika digunakan untuk pembiayaan modal kerja.

BAI’ AS SALAM (Pesanan Barang dengan Pembayaran di Muka)
Bai’ as salam berarti pemesanan barang dengan persyaratan yang telah ditentukan dan diserahkan kemudian hari, sedangkan pembayaran dilakukan sebelum barang diterima.

Dalam transaksi Bai’ as Salam harus memenuhi 5 (lima) rukun yang mensyaratkan harus ada pembeli, penjual, modal (uang), barang, dan ucapan (sighot).

Bai’ as Salam berbeda dengan ijon, sebab pada ijon, barang yang dibeli tidak diukur dan ditimbang secara jelas dan spesifik, dan penetapan harga beli sangat tergantung kepada keputusan si tengkulak yang mempunyai posisi lebih kuat. Aplikasi Bai’ as Salam pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah biasanya dipergunakan pada pembiayaan bagi petani dengan jangka waktu yang relatif pendek, yaitu 2-6 bulan. Lembaga Keuangan dapat menjual kembali barang yang dibeli kepada pembeli kedua, misalnya kepada Bulog, Pedagang Pasar Induk, atau Grosir. Penjualan kembali kepada pembeli kedua ini dikenal dengan istilah “Salam Paralel”.

BAI’ AL ISTISHNA’ (Jual Beli Berdasarkan Pesanan)
Transaksi Bai’ al Istishna  merupakan kontrak penjualan antara pembeli dan pembuat barang melalui pesanan, pembuat barang berkewajiban memenuhi pesanan pembeli sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang telah disepakati. Pembayaran dapat dilakukan di muka, melalui cicilan, atau ditangguhkan sampai batas waktu yang telah ditentukan. 

Dalam sebuah kontrak Bai’ al Istishna, pembeli dapat mengizinkan pembuat barang menggunakan sub kontraktor untuk melaksanakan kontrak tersebut. Dengan demikian, pembuat barang dapat membuat kontrak istishna kedua untuk memenuhi kewajibannya pada kontrak pertama. Kontrak seperti ini dikenal sebagai “Istishna’ Paralel”

AL  IJARAH (Sewa/ Leasing)
Al Ijarah adalah akad pemindahan hak guna atas barang atau jasa melalui pembayaran sewa tanpa diikuti dengan pemindahan kepemilikan (Ownership) atas barang itu sendiri. Dalam perkembangannya kontrak Al Ijarah dapat pula dipadukan dengan kontrak jual-beli yang dikenal dengan istilah “sewa-beli” yang artinya akad sewa yang diakhiri dengan kepemilikan barang oleh si penyewa pada akhir periode penyewaan.

Dalam aplikasi, Al Ijarah dapat dioperasikan dalam bentuk operating lease maupun financial lease, namun pada umumnya Lembaga Keuangan biasanya menggunakan Al Ijarah dalam bentuk sewa-beli karena lebih sederhana dari sisi pembukuan, dan Lembaga Keuangan tidak direpotkan untuk pemeliharaan asset, baik saat leasing ataupun sesudahnya.

QARD AL HASAN (Pinjaman Kebajikan)

Qard adalah akad yang dikhususkan pada pinjaman dari harta yang terukur dan dapat ditagih kembali serta merupakan akad saling Bantu-membantu dan bukan merupakan transaksi bisnis secara komersial.

Salah satu fungsi Lembaga Keuangan Syariah adalah ikut serta dalam kegiatan sosial, yang diaplikasikan dengan menyalurkan dana dalam bentuk qard dari dana yang dihimpun dari hasil zakat, infaq, dan sadaqah. 

Qard al Hasan adalah produk perbankan syariah untuk nasabah yang membutuhkan dana untuk keperluan mendesak dengan kriteria tertentu dan bukan untuk tujuan konsumtif. Pengembalian pinjaman ditentukan dalam jangka waktu tertentu dan dapat dikembalikan sekaligus atau diangsur tanpa tambahan atas dana yang dipinjam.

Implementasinya pada bidang perbankan:

source:
Jurnal Ekonomi Islam.  Rahmani Timorita Yulianti: Asas-Asas Perjanjian (Akad) dalam Hukum Kontrak Syari’ah 

MIMBAR,  Vol.  XXVII, No. 2  (Desember 2011): 151-156. Neni Sri Imaniyati: Asas dan Jenis Akad dalam Hukum Ekonomi Syariah: Implementasinya pada Usaha Bank Syariah

Merza Gamal: Aplikasi Akad Syariah Dalam Bisnis http://www.ekonomisyariah.net/index.php?page=Rubrik:ViewDetailPageDetail&id=1

Business Process: Conventional VS Sharia

There are two concepts of business processing, conventional and sharia. Commonly, the differences between conventional and sharia business process are the purpose and its implementation.

In the implementation, Sharia business process put forward the Islamic values and its main purpose is not to maximize profits but it’s for the benefits of every Muslims. Moreover, sharia business process  also applying divinity concept with the balances of the world and hereafter.

Some several characteristics that distinguish sharia and conventional:

• Always Rests In ruhiyah values​​. Ruhiyah value is every man's awareness of his existence as a creature must always be in contact with Allah in the form of obedience in every breath of his life. There are at least three aspects of this ruhiyah value must be realized: (1) concept, (2) system enacted, (3) Actors (personnel).

• Has Understanding the Business Halal and Haram. An Islamic businessman demanded to know true facts (tahqiqul manath) the Sahih business practices and wrong. Besides also have to understand the fundamentals that made legal texts (tahqiqul hukmi).

• True In Syar'iy in Implementation. The point at issue is no agreement between theory and practice, between what has been understood and enforced. So the judgment is not merely a material profit and loss.

• In the results-oriented world and the Hereafter. Business would be done to get the maximum benefit in the form of many treasures, and it is justified in Islam. Because in doing business is to gain material benefits (qimah madiyah). In this context the results obtained, is owned and perceived, is such a treasure.

• However, a pious Muslim who would not only be that life orientation. But more than that. That eternal happiness in yaumil akhir. Therefore. To get it, he must make the business he was doing it as a field, and a reward of worship before God. It is realized if the business or whatever we did was based on his order that the Islamic sharia.

If all the above is owned by a Muslim businessman, surely he would be able to combine the reality with ukhrowi worldly business, thus providing benefits to life in this world and the hereafter. Finally, be rich with which we can worship at a higher level.

ISLAMIC BANKING

Application of Balanced Scorecard for Islamic Banking:

Balanced Scorecard is a management system contemporary can be applied in all forms of organizations, both oriented organization profit and nonprofit organizations. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a measure performance factors into account financial and non-financial services to modified to adjust where the BSC will be applied. Factors non financial include customer perspective, business process perspective and the perspective of learning and growth.

In the context of Islamic banking, the application-based management system BSC can be used as a performance measurement system that is will continue to monitor the successful implementation of corporate strategy and measure the performance of companies in a comprehensive and balanced so that the performance company at any time it can be seen clearly. In performance measurement Islamic banks, BSC applied based on the following benchmark.

1. Financial perspective

Application of balanced scorecard to measure the financial performance of banks Sharia remains a concern, because it is a financial measure outline of the economic consequences that occur, caused by the economic decisions taken. Financial performance measures to be used are:

a. Return on Assets (ROA)

  That is the percentage of net income compared to total assets of the company reached company. The increase or decrease in ROA from one accounting period to the next accounting period can be used as benchmarks for growth corporate earnings.

b. Net margin (profit after tax)

  An indicator to determine the rate of growth in bank earnings Sharia from period to period.

c. Revenue mix

  That saw revenue from various sources from which revenue obtained, such as from a wide range of products or customers.

This size is to measure the performance of a wide range of existing products and each customer segment.

2. Customer perspective

To measure the performance of the customer perspective in business competition, can be used appropriate calculations, namely;

a. Levels of customer satisfaction

  This measure can be determined through periodic surveys to customers and quality of service.

b. Market share

  The market share is calculated from the magnitude of the market or the number of clients successfully controlled by Islamic banks compared to the total market or the number of potential customers in the business of Islamic banking in Indonesia.

c. Customer retention

  Benchmarks to measure the bank's ability to maintain old customers.

d. Customer acquisition

  Benchmarks to measure the ability to obtain new customers.

3. Internal Business Perspective

This perspective has two strategic objectives, namely;

a. Developing new products is reliable.

This strategic benchmark is the new product revenue and product development cycle

b. Increasing use of information technology and cooperation with the third. In this strategic objective that the benchmark is the level of service errors, processing time, the use of IT and the agreement with third party.

c. Learning and Growth Perspective

There are two strategic objectives in the perspective of learning and growth, namely:

1) Increase the level of professionalism of employees using employee satisfaction and employee development compared with skills development plan as a benchmark.

2) Increase surveillance and obey the rules of the culture. in the target

This strategic benchmark is used as an index of compliance personnel.

source:

Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, Cahyo Halim Istiqlal: Penilaian Kinerja Perbankan Syariah dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard

Suud Fuadi, Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Syariah (2008)

http://suud83.wordpress.com/2008/06/14/bisnis-syariah/

M. Ridwan, Berbisnis dengan Etika Syari’ah,

http://sahrazeida.wordpress.com/2008/03/12/berbisnis-dengan-etika-syariah

What is business process?

Hello~

This is my first post after introduction. Like I have said that in the next post I will post my task here. This is iiit~we 

Business process is a words that you'll find in the business world. An activity underlying all of business acts. Nowadays we often find people who didn't success in their attempt. Therefore, we should know and understand "What is the definition of business process?" before we start our business.

What is the definition of business process?

It consists of two words, business and process. Process is a group of acts including input, output and adding value. Whereas business is an organization or enterprising entity engaged in commercial, industrial or professional activity undertaken by an individual or a group.

so we can conclude that business process is a collection of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market. it implies a strong emphasis on how the work is done within an organization, in contrast to a product's focus on what.

A business process:

1. has a goal
2. has a specific inputs
3. has a specific outputs
4. uses resources
5. has a number of activities that are performed in some order
6. may affect more than one organizational unit. horizontal organizational impact
7. creates value of some kind for the customer (internal or external)

Stages of designing business processes:

• validation phase: validation towards the beginning design using workshop. Workshop will ensure that all business processes are represented by valid business process model.
• simulation phase: business process simulation enables stakeholders to go through the process in a gradual manner and sequence to check whether the process has indeed as expected.
• verification phase: business process actually analyzed and improved in such a way that the business process model is a business process desired.
• identification and business process modeling: after going through the verification stage business process identified which roughly correspond to the new business processes to improve efficiency and achieve company goals.

Methodology to initiate a business process:

Initiate

To initiate a business process needs an executive sponsor in charge of running the establishment of reliable mission. Further at this stage required the creation of a wider team consisting of a core team and external parties as observers

Envision

Is an important step in the planning because it determines the scope of the business to be targeted.

Analyze

A working group was formed to run the stages of analysis and redesign every process and key issues.

Redesign

Redesigning a process by studying the process map. Easier to see the specific parts that can be automated.

Blueprint

Include a transition strategy and implementation schedule for all aspects of the plan changes.

Implement

For the successful implementation, methodological support for aspects of technological change, changes in human resources, and other aspects are very important changes.

Monitoring

Changes implemented after the change, it is important for organizations or companies to establish new performance indicators that will be mengukurkeefektifan business planning process to provide feedback on the changes.

sources:

• Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan. Lenna Ellitan: Reengineering Proses Bisnis
• Enterprise Architecture, The Business Process Model (2004)
• Ahmad Rifai Za, Manajemen Proses Bisnis http://www.rifaizaonline.co.cc/index.php/matakuliah-mcio/bisnis-proses/414-manajemen-proses-bisnis.html
• Alvia Yulfitri, Proses Bisnis http://pipiew.wordpress.com/2007/11/29/proses-bisnis/

Hello~

Hello everyone~

Fifi's here.

Firstly let starts with some introduction about me. This is my second blog, which one has forgotten haha. Honestly, I’m not good at writing especially in English. I prefer doing self-talk before I sleep, than writing a diary. The reason I’m blogging is because this is a task~ yeaah haha. So in the next post there will be so many posts about my task.

Okay, happy blogging J